HMPV, or Human Metapneumovirus, is a respiratory virus that primarily affects the respiratory tract. It was first identified in 2001 and belongs to the same family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza viruses, called Paramyxoviridae.

Key Points about HMPV:

1. Symptoms:
   • Mild symptoms: Similar to the common cold, including cough, runny nose, sore throat, and fever.
   • Severe symptoms: In some cases, particularly in young children, older adults, or people with weakened immune systems, it can cause more serious illnesses such as:
     • Bronchiolitis (inflammation of small airways in the lungs)
     • Pneumonia
     • Difficulty breathing or wheezing.
2. Transmission:
   • Spread through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or close contact with an infected person.
   • Can also be transmitted by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face.
3. Risk Groups:
   • Young children (especially under 5 years of age)
   • Elderly individuals
   • Immunocompromised people or those with underlying health conditions
   • People with chronic respiratory issues like asthma or COPD
4. Diagnosis:
   • Diagnosed using laboratory tests like PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) or antigen detection tests from respiratory samples.
5. Treatment:
   • There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Supportive care includes:
     • Hydration
     • Rest
     • Over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and manage symptoms
     • Oxygen therapy or hospitalization in severe cases
   • Antibiotics are not effective as it is a viral infection.
6. Prevention:
   • Good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.
   • Disinfecting frequently-touched surfaces.
   • Wearing masks in crowded places if there are outbreaks.

HMPV is common worldwide and often peaks during late winter and spring. While most infections resolve on their own, monitoring is crucial for vulnerable individuals to prevent complications.